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BUFFALO:May 1st to 
November 1st, IQOI 





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^"EB 11 1904 
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PAN-AMERICAN EXPOSITION 




INTRODUCTORY. 



EXPOSITIONS AND THEIR SCOPE. 

The approaching event of the great Pan-American Exposi- 
tion, to be inaugurated on May 1st, 1901, in the City of Buffalo, 
State of New York, again calls forth general attention to this 
modern and practical method of bringing together the products 
of the mills, factories and farms to one chosen place, in 
friendly emulation, to be adjudged according to their merit by 
competent individuals. The first Universal Exposition, held 
in England in the year 1851, was organized by the Royal 
Society of Fine Arts, Manufactures and Commerce, in London. 
Previous to that period there had been many national exposi- 
tions in England and France, the latter country holding one in 
Paris in the year 1798, which was, at that epoch, considered 
quite an innovation. From that microscopic affair expositions 
grew in the course of years. The second one held in France 
in 1801, at La Cour du Louvre, had 220 exhibitors, the num- 
ber of which increased gradually during the course of the expo- 
sitions held in 1803, 1806, 1819, 1823, 1827 and until 1839 
when at the latter, in the "Carre des Fetes" and the 
"Champs Elysees " of Paris, there were 3,381 exhibitors. 
The first great Universal Exposition in that city was cele- 
brated in 1855 and successively there followed those of 
1867, inaugurated by the Empress Eugenie, in 1878, when 
the Trocadero Palace was constructed, and of 1899, in 
which there were 54,000 exhibitors and an attendance of 
over 25,000,000. 

In the United States the earliest fair or exposition of 
importance was the famous Philadelphia Centennial of 1876, 
later the New Orleans Fair, and subsequently, the Chicago 
World's Fair of 1893, up to the present writing the greatest 
exposition held in the United States. Since this exposition 
there have been several held of lesser importance, that of 
San Francisco in 1894, of Atlanta, 1896, of the Nashville 
Centennial, 1897, and the Trans-Mississippi Fair, 1898. 

Expositions have become permanent institutions among 

1 




PAN-AMERICAN EXPOSITION 

civilized nations, and are destined to be in the future more 
frequent, more important, and considered an efficient means of 
instruction for the people. They represent a coalition of 
forces and are the results of progress in arts, science and 
industries, attractively presented and serve as a basis for study 
and consideration to the busy workers who have contributed to 
make these expositions possible. In the earlier days the 
inhabitants of this sphere brought their rude wares and the 




COPYRIG 



PAN-AMERICAN EXPOSITION Ca 



products of their scarcely-tilled lands to a convenient locality 
for exchange and barter with friendly tribes ; in vivid contrast 
with to-day's vast and imposing meeting places, where the 
great progress of the world is so strongly emphasized and 
made patent. 
2 



PAN-AMERICAN EXPOSITION 

THE PAN-AMERICAN IDEA. 

The geographical position of the Western Hemisphere 
makes it peculiarly suited to independent action from other 
countries, and in consequence of which many brilliant minds 
in the last few centuries all concurred in the advisability of a 
plan by which the new world might be kept entirely apart 
from the old, from its corruptive influences and the crushing 
effect on the masses ; and principally to avoid the degener- 
ating effects of class privileges and the restriction of trade at 
the hands of a few. Centuries ago sturdy emigrants, full of 
faith in the new world, and anxious to shake off the fetters of 
a practical slavery, navigated the seas and established colonies 
in the Western Hemisphere ; others, of an adventurous nature, 
and moved by a spirit of greed, came in search for gold, in 
both cases the result being to-day many distinct political 
entities of varied importance, area, population and wealth. 
Each one of them has gradually come to realize the impor- 
tance of maintaining favorable commercial relations with its 
neighbors. 

Abundant reasons exist why the Pan-American countries 
should endeavor to make as brilliant a showing as possible at 
the Pan-American Exposition. Such an effort will go far 
towards securing capital for the development of their valuable 
natural resources, or to attract attention to the productiveness, 
richness and desirability of their lands for colonization. Those 
beginning or on the road to industrial development naturally 
seek markets for their products ; while the agricultural coun- 
tries, and those of great mineral wealth, are anxious to exchange 
their crude commodities for the finished products of their 
neighbors. In addition, the need of suitable and strong tides 
of immigration into many of these countries has given rise to 
a friendly competition among them to attract a healthy, well- 
to-do, law-abiding, desirable agricultural and investing class 
from divers localities in the old world and from the United 
States. 

It is thus not surprising that the idea to establish a great 
Pan-American Exposition should have taken concrete form, 
and is now about to be realized in a splendid and fitting man- 
ner. It w^ill unquestionably tend greatly to assist the prospects 
of each of the Pan-American countries, and will do much 
toward bringing them together, and toward paving the way for 
reciprocal trade concessions of mutual value ; and, also, toward 
creating in each clearer belief and knowledge than now exists 

3 





PAN-AMERICAN EXPOSITION 

regarding the products of each of the countries taking part 
in the Exposition, and bring to the attention of the world 
the varied opportunities for colonization existing in each of 
them. 

Taking the Pan-American countries in their order, and mak- 
ing a separate analysis of their probable needs and aims, it is 
safe to say at the outset that the Dominion of Canada, with 
her vast, rich area and small population, would be certainly 
desirous to increase her population and importance by doing 
what she can to induce colonists to settle in that hospitable and 

NIAGARA FALLS. 




PAN-AMERICAN EXPOSITION 

prosperous country and there engage in agricultural pursuits on 
her vast plains and fruitful soil ; this, if carried out, would 
duplicate there the great success which attended the settlement 
of the western part of the United States. Furthermore, Can- 
ada is fabulously rich in mineral resources, having abundant 
unexplored coal regions and many of the most valuable min- 
erals, such as gold, silver, copper and iron. Her coal fields 
are enormous in extent, l)ut as yet worked only where there 
are special facilities for commerce. The British Columbia coal 
is important as being the only good coal yet found on the 
Pacific coast. Gold is chiefly produced, like coal, in Nova Scotia 
and British Columbia, and both these provinces have likewise 
the advantage of possessing iron ores in close proximity to coal. 
Her silver deposits, situated about the western end of the Ca- 
nadian shores of Lake Superior, are likely to prove of great 
value, on account of the advent of the Pacific Railroad. 
Apatite is found in great quantity in the western portion of the 
Province of Quebec and north of Kingston, Ontario, and is a 
rapidly growing export. Important deposits of nickel and 
other ores are found near Sudbury, at the junction of the " Soo 
Line " with the main line of the Canadian Pacific Railway. In 
addition to these great natural resources, the manufacturing 
interests in the Dominion of Canada, which are mainly in the 
provinces of Ontario and Quebec, are of more than considerable 
importance. They consist of textile industries, saw and flour 
milling, foundries, machine shops and agricultural implement 
factories ; of sugar refining in Quebec and Nova Scotia ; and, 
in British Columbia, of the very important industry of fish 
canning. The exports of Canada, in addition to the manufac- 
tures mentioned, consist of timber, live animals, cheese, grain, 
dried fish, apples, potatoes, and other produce. These exports 
are mainly dispatched to the United Kingdom and the United 
States; however, the $2,370,000 of goods exported to the 
Latin-American countries in 1898 prove that for this trade a 
basis has been created and that the same might, with proht, be 
greatly stimulated. The truth of this assertion is further sub- 
stantiated by the present agitation in Canada to secure recip- 
rocal trade concessions with the West Indies. 

This vast country with such varied resources should have 
more than one incentive to be adequately represented at the 
approaching Pan-American Exposition, both to secure her 
proportion of the old world emigration and capital, as well as 
to make a bid for her share of the trade in Latin-America. 
Internal communication by rail, and by the splendid water 

5 





PAN-AMERICAN EXPOSITION 




systems of Canada, make it possible for her to ship goods to 
the latter countries as reasonably as can be done from other 
ports geographically much nearer such countries than are those 
of Canada. Barring her distant v/estern provinces, it is possi- 
ble for her manufacturers and exporters to take advantage of a 
very short railway haul and a long sea voyage, without trans- 
fer, made possible by reason of the numerous ship canals in the 
Dominion of Canada. 

The United States has naturally an interest in obtaining the 
custom of the merchants of Latin-America, and securing due 
appreciation for the high quality and relative cheapness of its 
products, in contrast with the inferior grades of European 
manufactures which are sold in these countries in large quanti- 
ties, by reason of long established commercial relations and 
the resultant force of habit on the part of the natives. It is 
well known that the exports of the United States, w^hich are 
increasing at the rate of 25 per cent, a year, must find an out- 
let. In addition to this purely commercial consideration, there 
is an earnest desire towards friendly and closer relations. 

The progress of the Republic of Mexico is due, firstly, to 
the successful administration of President Diaz and in a great 
measure to its proximity to the United States ; likewise to the 
interest which capital from that country has taken in its 
development. The increasing mining and manufacturing inter- 
ests of Mexico, which are daily recorded in the press of the 
world, are, to a considerable extent, the result of the judicious 
advertising of that country by its administrators at former 
expositions. 

The Central American Republics, Colombia, Venezuela, 
Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay, have 
all substantially the same aims and requirements. Their 
material progress is absolutely dependent on the advent of 
foreign capital and a suitable class of immigrants. 

Chile and the Argentine Republic are also similarly inter- 
ested, the former, however, on account of its topographical 
character not being an agricultural country, has made great 
6 



PAN-AMERICAN EXPOSITION 

strides in its mining and manufacturing interests during the 
last decade, for both of which a market is desired. The 
Argentine Republic is above all a vast grazing country and 
though its export of wheat is reaching enormous proportions, 
its staple products are live-stock and huge quantities of frozen 
meat. The increasing importance of this country is shown by 
the fact that, while the total exports in 1880 amounted to but 
one hundred million dollars, gold, in 1899 they were over two 
hundred millions. The mineral production and manufacturing 
interests are as yet unimportant and the principal desire of 
that government is to see the vast pampas covered by pros- 
perous ranches. 

In the West Indies, the Republics of Haiti and Santo 
Domingo, as well as the Island of Cuba, and the various 
colonies and dependencies which lie in the path of travel be- 
tween the two great continents, the intelligent classes realize 
that their geographical position and their proximity to the 
United States places them in an advantageous position, and 
one which the increasing volume of commercial dealings 
between the two continents will greatly enhance. 





The deduction would seem to be logical that it is to the 
advantage of all these countries to make as brilliant a showing 
of their varied interests at the Pan-American Exposition as 
possible, either to demonstrate to possible consumers the 
superiority of their products, or, for those requiring capital 
and immigration, to respectively draw attention to their natural 
resources and to aim therefrom to increase the population 
within their territory. 



^ 



^ 



^ 




PAN-AMERICAN EXPOSITION 

THE PAN-AMERICAN EXPOSITION. 

Its History — E?idorsement a?id General Acceptance. 

The fundamental basis of the Pan-American Exposition and 
its avowed purpose is "To celebrate the achievements of civili- 
zation and the hundred years of development in 
the Western Hemisphere." This idea was first sug- 
gested after the Exposition at Atlanta, Georgia, in 1896, when 
the success of that enterprise stimulated the idea of holding a 
great Pan-American fair in order not only to carry out the pro- 
gramme, as tersely embodied in the above quoted sentence, but 
also to cement the friendly understanding between the Pan- 
American countries and to assist favorable commercial rela- 
tions. The company was organized and the site, chosen and 
much valuable preliminary v^ork done. The Spanish -Amer- 
ican war interfered with the carrying out of the original 
plans of the first exposition company, and later on a stronger 
group was formed to supersede the original one. The capital 
stock of the new company was fixed at $2,500,000, and an 
authorized issue of bonds for a like amount, which wdth the 
$500,000 appropriated by Congress and the $300,000 from the 
State of Xew York, makes the aggregate resources of the Ex- 
position Company $5,800,000. In addition to this, appropria- 
tions have been made, and are further expected, from the 
various states of the union and from the principal Pan-Ameri- 
can countries, which will amount to several millions more. 
The financial success of the Exposition was assured from its 
incipiency, and thus, fortified by such a sound basis the efforts 
of the management may be entirely devoted to a fulfillment 
of the ideals contemplated by the projectors of this interna- 
tional event. 

The enterprise received official endorsement by the Federal 
Government when Congress in July, 1898, by resolution 
declared that "A Pan-American Exposition 
will undoubtedly be of vast benefit to the com- 
mercial interests of the countries of North, South and Central 
America, and it merits the approval of Congress, and of the 
people of the United States." 

March 3, 1899, Congress appropriated $500,000, and de- 
clared that "it is desirable to encourage the holding of a Pan- 
American Exposition on the Niagara Frontier in the City of 
Buffalo, in the year 1901, fittingly to illustrate the marvelous 
development of the Western Hemisphere during the Nine- 



PAN-AMERICAN EXPOSITION 





teenth Century, by a display of the arts, industries, manufac- 
tures and the products of the soil, mine and sea," and also 
declared that "the proposed Pan-American Exposition being 
confined to the Western Hemisphere, and being held in the 
near vicinity of the great Niagara Cataract, within a day's 
journey of which reside forty million people, would unquestion- 
ably be of vast benefit to the commercial interests, not only of 
this country, but of the entire hemisphere, and should there- 
fore have the sanction of the Congress of the United 
States." 

The President's Annual Message to Congress, in December, 
1899, refers to the Pan-American Exposition, closing as follows : 
" I have every reason to hope and believe that this Exposition^ 
will tend more firmly to cement the cordial relations existing 
between the nations on this continent." 

In January, 1900, Governor Roosevelt, in his Annual Message 
to the Legislature, referred at length to the Exposition. He 
expressed a particular ** desire to call the attention of the Leg- 
islature to the Pan-American Exposition," and he asserted that 
*' this Exposition will be a source of the utmost pride to the 
whole State, and all our citizens should feel an active concern 
in making it a greater success than anything of this kind ever 
held on this continent." 

A large number of the representative commercial organiza- 
tions of the United States, recognizing the importance of this 
event, voluntarily passed resolutions endorsing the purposes of 
the Exposition. The Chamber of Commerce of New York 
and the Board of Trade of Chicago pledged their "co-opera- 
tion in the effort to make the Exposition a pronounced success." 
Resolutions to a like purpose were also made by the Merchants* 
Association of New York, the Philadelphia Commercial 

9 




PAN-AMERICAN EXPOSITION 




Mil ^ 



ZiiSmrr*. 




Museum, the National Association of American Manufacturers^ 
and at the Farmers' National Congress, held at Boston, Mass., 
on October 6th, 1899. 

From its incipiency the idea of holding this Exposition has 
been met with general hearty acceptance by nearly all the in- 
dependent countries and colonies of the Westera 
General Hemisphere, and official assurances have been re- 

ceived from the respective governments that they 
will all concur to make the Pan-American Exposition the suc- 
cess that its purpose merits. 

In a note to the Secretary of State, in date of April 3rd, 1900, 
the British Ambassador at Washington, Sir Julian Paunceforte, 
states : **I have the honor to transmit herewith an approved 
Minute of the Privy Council, which has been sent to me by the 
Governor-General of Canada. From this reply you will see 
that the Canadian Government are pleased to have the oppor- 
tunity of participating in the proposed Exposition, and that the 
Parliament of the Dominion will be asked to make the neces- 
sary provision for its representation at the Exposition." Simi- 
lar expressions have been dictated by the executives of the ma- 
jority of the Latin- American countries, and ready appreciation 
of the great benefits to be derived from the Pan-American Ex- 
position have been an undoubted evidence of its timely 
occurrence. 



THE SITE AND GENERAL PLAN OF 
THE EXPOSITION. 

The Exposition grounds include 350 acres, of which 133 
acres are improved park lands, a part of Delaware Park. The 
grounds are about one mile from east to west. Their situa- 
tion is in the northern part of the city, accessible from every 
direction. The park lands form the southern part of the exten- 
sive grounds, and are pronounced by expert landscape archi- 
tects to be among the most beautiful in the world. The general 
plan of these grounds is that of an inverted T, the main court 
10 



PAN-AMERICAN EXPOSITION 

being the perpendicular line, with the buildings grouped 
along and about them so as to form minor inner courts, 
the whole group being surrounded by a park system, with 
lagoons, canals and waterways. The transverse courts will 
open out on the public park with its splendid foliage and 
beautiful lakes. 

A visitor entering the grounds through the main or south 
entrance, on Lincoln Parkway, will pass due north through the 
park, crossing the bridge which spans the lake, to the approach 
of the Exposition proper. On the left will be the Music Gar- 
dens and on the right the Court of State and Foreign Build- 
ings. Directly fronting the latter will be the Triumphal 
Bridge from which a comprehensive view of the Exposition 
buildings will be obtained. On the east the first structure 
encountered will be the United States Government buildings ; 
and on the west the building devoted to Horticulture, For- 
estry and Mines and the Graphic Arts. Directly in front will 
be the great Esplanade, and beyond it the Court of Fountains, 
with a series of cascades flowing from the magnificent Electric 
Tower. On the right of the Court of Fountains will be the 
Ethnology and Manufactures and Liberal Arts buildings ; and 
in a corresponding position to the left the Temple of Music 
and Machinery and Transportation buildings will be founa. 
The Mall will be run east and west across the north end of the 
Court of Fountains and in front of the Electric Tower, east 
and west of which will be respectively the Agricultural Build- 
ing and the Electricity Building. Besides these buildings 
north of the Mall, on the right will be the Stadium, and on 
the left the Midway. Beyond, and between the entrances to 
the Stadium and the Midway, will be the Plaza, fronting the 
Propylae, a highly ornamental structure, serving as a screen 
between the Exposition grounds and the railway station, at the 
extreme northern entrance to the grounds. There will be 
many other buildings ; notably the Service Building, for the 
use of the executive officials of the Exposition, the Live Stock 
Building and the Conservatories. 





U 




PAN-AMERICAN EXPOSITION 



THE BUILDINGS OF THE EXPOSITION. 

The most striking feature of the Exposition will be the 

Great Electric Tower, already referred to, which is destined to 

attract universal attention from experts and 

. -. the unbounded admiration of all visitors. To 

preserve the line of beauty in a work of such 

height is a difficult problem, which has been skillfully solved, 

and this edifice will be the most notable centerpiece of the 

Exposition. 

The height of the tower is 375 feet above the surface of the 
broad basin in which it stands. Its position is between the 
Court of the Fountains and the Plaza, on the north side of the 
Mall. It looks down upon the Agricultural Building at the 
east and the Electricity Building on the west. The tower 
proper is flanked on the east and west by long curved colon- 
nades, which sweep to the southward and terminate in airy 
pavilions, forming a semi-circular space 200 feet across. 
Within this space and in a high niche in the main body of the 
Tower are cascades, while all about the basin are leaping jets 
and countless playful figures, each with its spurt of water, 
combining to make a brilliant water scene. At the center of 
the niche is a tall Geyser Fountain, whose w^aters find their 
way from the high basin within the niche over successive 
ledges and among a multitude of vases to the level of the pool. 

Sculpture plays an im^portant part in the decoration of the 
Tower. Two magnificent monumental groups of statuary 
flank each of the four sides of the base. Above the water 
niche in the southern face of the Tower is a magnificent 
escutcheon, representing the arms and seal of the United 
States. In the spandrel of the arch above the niche are 
sculptures in high relief. The pavilions and wings are also 
richly decorated with sculptures and other architectural devices. 
The entire exterior of the Tower will be studded with myriads 
of electric lights, so arranged that a great variety of effects 
can be secured. The use of electric lights in combination with 
the sparkling fountains and cascades will produce scenes of 
fantastic beauty. 

The two largest buildings on the Exposition grounds will be 
the Machinery and Transportation Building and the Manu- 
factures and Liberal Arts Building. 
r^acbitiery and ^^^^ ^^^^^^^ building will be 500 by 

rramportatton BuUda«g. 3^^ ^^^^^ ^ .^^ ^ ^^J^,^^ ^^^^^ ^^^ ^^ 

175 feet, located on the west side of the main group opposite 
the Court of Fountains. In harmony with the other principal 
buildings it will be of the Spanish Renaissance type, adapted 
to suit the conditions of the Exposition. The architectural 
work will be ot an exceeding decorative nature with roofs 

12 



^p^^ 



PAN-AMERICAN EXPOSITION 

laid with red tile and the cemented wall brilliant with color. 
The colors are to be of reds and yellows in light tints. The 
facades will present an arcaded effect, with broad overhanging 
eaves, in imitation of the old mission buildings found in 
California and Mexico. Each fa9ade will be broken by an 
important architectural feature, and each corner flanked with 
low pavilions, the design 'giving large plain surfaces for color, 
while the eaves give deep shadows. The loggias, balconies, 
pavilions and other places are to be ornamented with shrubs, 
vines and flowers, blending with the coloring of the building. 
The open- 
ings are 
grilled with 
specimens 
of wrought- 
iron "re- 
jas" or grill 
screens, 
such as are 
seen in ex- 
amples of 
Spanish ar- 
chitecture 
of the six- 
teenth cen- 
tury. 

Thebuild- 
ing has nu- 
merous en- 
trances, the 
principal 
ones being 
in the cen- 
ter of the 
four f a - 
9ades. All 

the towers, pavilions and other proper spaces are to be bril- 
liantly illuminated and made gay with banners and flags. 

The building to be devoted to Manufactures and Liberal 
Arts at the Pan-American Exposition in Buffalo next year, is 
of the same general proportions as the Machinery and Trans- 
portation Building. These two splendid structures are on 
opposite sides of the Court of Fountains, and are the largest 
buildings of the Exposition, each covering 
jManufactures ^^^^ ^^^^ ^^^^ ^^^^^^ -pj^^ western frontage 

",, ..^ ^^^ ^ ® of the Manufactures and Liberal Arts Build- 
Bmldtng. , ^ r ^ • • o^r^ r 

ing, on the Court of i:^ ountams, is ooU leet, 

and on the Mall, at the north, is 500 feet. The Agricul- 
tural Building is its nearest neighbor at the north, while on 

13 






PAN-AMERICAN EXPOSITION 

the east side is the Grand Canal, and beyond it the live stock 
displays. A bridge spans the canal at the eastern entrance. 
An important feature of the work is a spacious central court, 
134 X 176 feet, containing a large pool, where a fountain im- 
parts an expression of life to the scene. The exterior of the 
building is strikingly graceful and beautiful. The style is a 
free treatment of the Spanish Renaissance, with high vaulted 
loggias on all sides connecting, the corner pavilions with the 











four main entrances. A conspicuous and highly ornamental 
feature of the building is a high dome, flanked by four square 
open towers over the southern or main entrance. The entrance, 
which is approached by broad steps between large groups of 
statuary, is a high arch with two tall columns on each side. 
Above the arch, elaborate high relief work enriches the broad 
gable. Statuary, symbolizing the various arts and industries, 
are placed in niches and at the angles of the several open 
towers above the entrance. All the entrances are of beautiful 
design, and the broad, ornamental cornices, fancy flag stand- 
ards and finials enhance the attractiveness of the general 
aspect. Color will be much used to give a certain air of gaiety 
to the dignified edifice. 

The Horticulture Building, 220 feet square, is flanked on the 
south by the Forestry and Mines, and on the north by the 
Graphic Arts Buildings, each 150 feet 
nor tculturc, square. The whole group is connected 

with arcades, forming a semi-circu- 
lar court, in which will stand the 
** Fountain of the Seasons." 

The Horticulture Building will have a central lantern 240 
feet high, at the intersection of the four arms of a Greek 
Cross, which includes in its angles four small domes. Deeply 
recessed arched entrances are features of each facade. 

The Graphic Arts and Forestry and Mines Buildings are 
companion structures of the same size and style, having four 
corner towers. On the east fa9ades are vaulted loggias of three 
arches each, which form the main entrances. Colored bas- 
14 



6rapbic Hrts, -forestry 
and JVItTJcs Buildings. 



PAN-AMERICAN EXPOSITION 

reliefs will ornament the broad white walls, while the pilasters 
of the fa9ades and arcades will be decorated with arabesques of 
twining vines, fruit, flowers, birds and children. The colored 
decorations will be confined chiefly to the vaulted ceilings of 
the loggias. 

Two colored compositions will adorn the space above the 
eastern entrance of the Horticulture Building. These will 
represent Ceres, goddess of the harvest, bearing in her arms a 
sheaf of golden wheat. Three lions, led by Flora and Prima- 
vera, will draw her chariot. 

The Agricultural Building will stand opposite the Manufac- 
tures and Liberal Arts Building on the north side of the Mall, 
its longest fa9ades looking to the north and 
BuUdi'il^'*^^ south. On the east will be the Live Stock 
Exhibit, to which about ten acres are devoted. 
Northward will be the Stadium, covering another ten acres. 
On the west is the Grand Court with the Electric Tower, 375 
feet high, and the Electricity Building just beyond. There are 
four broad entrances to the building. Opposite the northern 
entrances is an artistic bridge crossing the Great Canal. 
Vaulted loggias connect the east and west entrance with the 
main entrance on the south, and from these elevated prom- 
enades the people may view the throng of sightseers upon the 
Mall. The low tiled roof overhangs the walls eight feet, mak- 
ing a deep shadow over the richly decorated cornice. The 
east and west entrances are treated with lattice work, to imi- 
tate an arbor. The lattice is fastened to the dome, ceiling 
and walls, then, on the background of blue, grapevines pro- 
duce the efl"ect of looking through to the open air. The 
southern entrance, which is 30 feet wide, is flanked on 
both sides by large groups of statuary. Above the door, and 
following the lines of the arch, panels w*ill be painted to repre- 
sent the Signs of the Zodiac. On either side of the vestibule 
are large niches, affording places of rest and retreat from the 
crowds. On either side of the south entrance, at the intersec- 
tion of the eaves of the loggia, are large consoles surmounted 
by figures representing the ''Sower'' and *' Reaper." The 
Agricultural Building is 150 by 500 feet, and contains exposi- 
tion space to the amount of about 75,000 square feet. 





15 




PAN-AMERICAN EXPOSITION 

Elaborate designs have been recently completed for the 

Electricity Building. Displays of all kinds in the practical 

and artistic uses of electricity, together with 

Sicctrxcxty complete exhibits of electrical machinery and 

appliances, are to be conspicuous features of the 

great Exposition. 

The designs contemplate a very handsome and commodious 
building. The structure is to be 500 feet from east to west, 
and 150 feet wide, giving an exhibition space of 75,000 square 
feet. 

The south fagade fronts the Mall and the north fronts the 
'Midway. The east end is toward the massive Electric Tower, 
while the west faces the Grand Canal. The building is long, 
low and inviting. The design of the facades shows artistic 
grouping. The openings of the pergola-like loggias, placed at 
frequent intervals, present a delightful effect, showing more" 
and more of the details of the pilasters and openings as the 
eye travels to the end of the building farthest away from 
the observer. 

There is a pleasing ending at each corner of the structm'e, 
with a low-domed pavilion tower, and the fagade is interrupted 
at the center by a double-towered entrance. This entrance, 
wide and high, is spanned by an ornamental arch, and sup- 
ported on each side by columns. The towers, also, have 
minor entrances through them. 

The connecting work between the towers, the towers them- 
selves, the pavilions at the corners of the building, and similar 
places, are to be brilliantly illuminated and made gay with ban- 
ners and flags. 

The modeled relief work of the building is of the choicest 
design. The general ornamentation of the structure is to be 
frescoes in an interesting mixture of reds, greens and yellows. 
The general color scheme follows that of the Machinery and 
Transportation Building, and other groups of buildings of the 
Exposition. 

So vast is the number of valuable and interesting objects for 
exhibition in the possession of the United States Government, 

that none but a building of great pro- 
rbe amtcd States ^- , -, i i J^. ^.^ 

^ ^ '. ,- portions could possibly contain them. 

Government Butlding. ^ , _ ^ ., ,. -^ , . 

Instead of one building, however, the 

Federal group will consist of three massive structures connected 
by colonnades. The main building of this splendid architec- 
tural trinity will be 130 feet wide and 600 feet long. The 
others will each be 150 feet square. The group will be archi- 
tecturally a modified treatment of the Spanish Renaissance, 
the details suggesting a Mexican rather than a strictly Spanish 
origin. Like the others, these buildings will be constructed of 
staff, already made familiar to the public by its use at the 
Chicago, and more recent Omaha Exposition. The color 
16 



PAN-AMERICAN EXPOSITION 





scheme, in marked contrast to that used at Chicago, will be 
rich and brilliant, the lavish use of color and gilding giving, 
with the intricate plastic decorations and sculpture groups, an 
ensemble both striking and interesting. 

In plan, the buildings are shaped like a letter U, the opening 
being toward the west. The main building corresponds to the 
bottom of the U, which will accommodate the greater portion 
of the Government exhibits, the administrative offices, guard 
room, etc. Its center will be surmounted by a dome, the apex 
of which, 250 feet above the main floor level and crowned 
with a figure of Victory 20 feet in height, will form one of the 
most conspicuous features of the Exposition grounds. Con- 
nected by colonnades to the main building are the two lesser 
buildings or pavilions, one of which is intended to hold an 
exhibition typical of life and labor in the Government's new 
possession ; while the other will contain a branch station of 
the United States Weather Bureau and the exhibit, aquariums, 
etc., of the United States Fish Commission. 

The site for this structure is at the east junction of the 

Court of Fountains and the Grand Esplanade. It will be 

conspicuous from all parts of the grounds and 

etbiiologtcal -^^ ornate character will entitle it to the place of 

honor to which it has been assigned. 

The building is circular in plan with four main entrances 
connected by a continuous colonnade. The colonnade is 7 
feet above the level of the Esplanade, forming a loggia from 
which commanding views of the grounds may be obtained. 
The loggia will be adorned with a broad frieze above the win- 
dows and with other mural decorations, statuary and plants. 
Above the colonnade is a terrace with balustrade and statuary 
figures representing the ethnological types of the five different 
races. 

17 




PAN-AMERICAN EXPOSITION 




ELECTRICITY AND MACHINERY BUILDING, LOOKING SOU! 



Over each of the entrances is a pediment or low gable, with 
the Pan-American seal forming the decorative motive of the 
tympanum or triangular space of the gable. Back of and 
above each pediment is a sculptured group of horses. The 
roof of the building is a large dome, like that of the Pantheon 
at Rome. This is capped by a decorative cresting, which hides 
the skylight opening. Just below the dome in the encircling 
shaft are eight circular windows which light the upper gal- 
lery. There are two octagonal galleries, the first 25 feet 
above the main floor, and the second 21 feet higher. On 
the main floor there are 20,000 square feet of floor space, 
or about half an acre. The galleries add 10,000 square feet 
more. The galleries and roof terrace are accessible by stair- 
cases and elevators on each side of the four entrances. The 
first gallery combines a fine view of the entire interior and will 
be used for exhibition purposes. The second gallery opening 
on the roof will be used for restaurant purposes and for the 
accommodation of the employees of the grounds. The eight 
decorated piers of the interior support eight arches, forming 
the octagon, which, with the pendatives, carry the dome. The 
galleries encircle the octagon, leaving an open space under the 
dome 80 feet in diameter and 120 feet high. In the center 
of the building is a fountain surrounded by seats and chairs. 
The building is intended to be a place of rendezvous for visitors. 
The Temple of Music will cover a plot of ground 150 feet 
square and will be located on the northwest corner of the 
Esplanade and the Court of Fountains. The 
exterior of this handsome building will be 
treated architecturally after the style of the 
Spanish Renaissance. It will be octagonal in shape, with 
octagonal pavilions at each corner. The main entrance will be 
through the pavilion on the corner of the Esplanade and Court 
18 



Ccmple of Music* 




PAN-AMERICAN EXPOSITION 

of Fountains. Each of 
the facades of the main 
building will have a 
richly ornamented col- 
onnade. Between the 
columns will be large 
window openings and 
ornamental panels, each 
bearing a portrait bust 
of some famous musi- 
cal composer. The cor- 
nice, frieze and balus- 
trade of the main build- 
ing are designed in a 
florid adaptation of the 
AUGUST 1, 1900. Spanish Renaissance, 

and the balustrade will 
carry tablets bearing the names of noted musicians and com- 
posers and at intervals will have posts surmounted by flag 
staff's. On the corner above the pavilions will be groups of 
statuary representing music, dancing, etc. 

In the Temple of Music will be erected one of the largest 
and finest organs in the United States. It will be an exceed- 
ingly beautiful and complete instrument, with all the latest 
improvements in organ building. It will have four manuals 
and about 50 speaking stops, and will be voiced on three 

NORTHWEST CORNER MACHINERY BUILDING, AUGUST 1, 1900. 







PAN-AMERICAN EXPOSITION 

different wind pressures. The action will be the most com- 
plete style of tubular pneumatic. 

The New York State Building is to be of substantial and 
enduring character. The architect has chosen for his guid- 
ance in the work a Greek temple of the 
New yorh State j^^^.-^ ^^^^^.^ adapting his plans to the pur- 

* ^ ^* poses for which the building is intended. 

The site chosen is on high ground near Elmwood Avenue, over- 
looking the North Bay of the lake in Delaware Park and near 
the principal entrance to the Exposition grounds by street cars. 

After the Exposition is over it will become the permanent 
home of the Buffalo Historical Society, whose large collection 
of pioneer and other historical relics will be placed therein. 
The floor area will be three times that now used by the His- 
torical Society in the building of the Buffalo Public Library. 

The dimensions of the building are 130 x 82 feet, the north 
front to be 20 feet less than the south. The height is 33 feet 
on the north and 40 feet on the south walls. The height of 
the basement is 12 feet, and the second floor walls reach to 
the roof, making the ceiling 18 feet high. 

A dining-room containing 1,906 square feet faces the park 
to the south and opens on the north. Over 10,000 square 
feet of floor space is provided for Museum purposes. There 
is also an Assembly Hall with seats for 300 persons, and a 
library 37x52^ feet. 

The City of Buffalo is soon to have one of the most beauti- 
ful buildings in the western world, a public art gallery to 
cost upwards of $350,000. The building 
Che % 3. Hlbrtgbt -^ ^^^ ^-^^ ^^ j j Albright, a citizen of 

Buffalo and a liberal patron of art, who de- 
sires to bestow upon his city a structure that will forever yield 
immeasurable pleasure to those who visit it, and become, as 
well, a center of culture and art. The only conditions im- 
posed by the public-spirited donor were that the City of Buf- 
falo should furnish a site, and that the Fine Arts Academy of 
Buffalo, which is made the custodian of the property, should 
raise a maintenance fund of $100,000. The city promptly 
deeded the site requested, which is just within the limits of 
Delaware Park, overlooking the beautiful park lake. The 
Fine Arts Academy has complied with the terms of the gift, as 
they applied to the maintenance fund, and the building will be 
hurried to completion as rapidly as conditions will permit. 
The building will be used as the Art Palace of the Pan-Ameri- 
can Exposition and thereafter become the permanent home of 
Buffalo's art collections. 

This magnificent edifice will be 250 feet long by 150 feet 

wide, the principal facade looking toward the east. The 

building will stand upon a broad terrace 35 feet above the 

level of the park lake, which lies but a few rods below and 

"20 



PAN-AMERICAN EXPOSITION 




qjJ^Gy p^N 




to the eastward. The principal approach will be by a beauti- 
ful monumental flight of steps, the contour of the ground giv- 
ing opportunity for stately embellishment. The terrace walls 
are to be of heavy granite blocks. Statuary, fountains, formal 
floral displays and lawns will complete the ornamentation of 
the terrace. 

The style of architecture chosen is the classic Greek, both 
the eastern and western fa9ades showing rows of rich, graceful 
columns. The style is Ionic. A semi-circular colonnade forms 
the central figure of the w^est or Elmwood Avenue front. The 
building has broad wings at the extreme northern and southern 
ends, terminated by porches, which will be reproductions of 
famous architectural works of ancient Greece. The highest 
peak is only 45 feet above ground. The Erechtheum of 
Athens has been a prolific source of inspiration for the archi- 
tects. 

The large Service Building, although small in comparison 
with the big Exposition structures, was completed in 32 
working days, and was the first building erected 
on the grounds. It is the present home of a 
large corps of officers and employees having 
immediate charge of the constructive work of the Exposition. 
This handsome building is on the west side of the grounds, 
and is 95 x 145 feet, two stories high. A broad, arched drive- 
way on the north side leads to an inner court. To the right 
and left of the driveway are entrances to the corridors that 
open into the various rooms of the building. 

In this building are the ofiices of the Director of Works, the 
Landscape Architect, Superintendent of Building Construc- 
tion, Purchasing Agent, Chief Engineer, Mechanical and 

21 



Cbc Service 
Buildxtig. 




PAN-AMERICAN EXPOSITION 

Electrical Engineer, with their numerous assistants. On the 
second floor is a large draughting room for the use of archi- 
tects, with fire-proof vaults at hand for the valuable drawings. 
In this building will also be the headquarters for the police 
and hospital service, the fire department and the officers in 
charge of the transportation and installation of exhibits, and 
other officers. The building is equipped with a cellar, kitchen, 
dining-room and numerous sleeping apartments, for the accom- 
modation and comfort of those whose work requires their 
continuous presence on the grounds. 

The completed Stadium for the Pan-American Exposition 
at Buffalo next year will offer to the lovers of sports the most 
spacious and splendid arena ever erected in Amer- 
ica. The Athletic Carnival to be held during the 
great Exposition will be the most notable in the 
history of American sport. The co-operation of many of the 
best promoters of athletic games and contests has been secured. 
Visitors to the Pan-American Exposition may therefore expect 
to witness the meeting of the most famous athletes of the 
world, in competition for prizes worthy of their best feats of 
endurance, strength and skill. 

It is said that the great Colosseum at Rome, built in the 
first century of the Christian Era, could accommodate 87,000 



Che 
Stadium 




spectators. The Pan-American Stadium will be 129 feet 
longer and but ten feet narrower than the historic amphi- 
theater of Rome. The Stadium, however, will have a larger 
arena, and the seating capacity is estimated for 25,000 people. 
The top row of seats will be 60 feet above the ground, and 
every seat will command a perfect view of the vast interior. 
Standards are to be placed at various points for the support of 
awnings in such a way that they will not obstruct the view 
from the other seats. 
22 



PAN-AMERICAN EXPOSITION 





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The Stadium will have a quarter-mile track and a suffi- 
ciently large space inside of this for any of the athletic games. 
Great attention has been paid to having a large number of 
aisles to reach the seats, and, in addition to the principal 
entrance on the west, there are provided seven large exits. 
These exits are made of sufficient breadth and height to admit, 
in case of need, the largest vehicles or floats, as it is proposed 
to use the Stadium for certain pageants, exhibits of automo- 
biles in operation, judging of live stock, horses, agricultural 
machinery, road machinery, etc. No exhibitor has ever had 
such a splendid arena in which such exhibits could be dis- 
played. The space under the seats is to be used for exhibition 
purposes, and is in itself the equivalent of a very large building. 

A large and picturesque building forms the main entrance to 
the Stadium. This is 241 feet long by 52 feet wide, with 
towers 164 feet high. The style is in conformity with that of 
the other buildings, with an arcaded effect in the lower story, 
red tiled roof, broad eaves and bright colors. The old Spanish 
towers give a finish-beauty to the structure and make it one of 
the most prominent features of the Exposition. 

The Stadium resembles in a general way that erected at 
Athens a few years ago, although this one can be, of course, 
only a temporary structure. It is intended as a model of what 
it is hoped may be executed some day in permanent form. 

The Stadium will cover ten acres of ground, and its situation 
is on the east side of the Plaza, opposite the Midway. It is 
near the great entrances from the steam and trolley railway 
station, at the extreme north end of the Exposition grounds. 

Standing at the great Electric Tower, and looking to the north, 
the visitor will have before him the Plaza, or square, a beautiful 
open space 350 x 500 feet. On the opposite, or north 
side of the Plaza, will be the Propylse or monumental 
entrances, connected by a curved colonnade 280 feet 
These form an architectural screen of exceptional 
shutting out the steam and trolley railway station at 



plaza. 

long, 
beautv. 



the northern end of the Exposition grounds. 




PAN-AMERICAN EXPOSITION 

A large building at the left, 341 feet long and 52 feet wide, 
with towers 164 feet high, will be used for restaurant purposes. 
This forms also the eastern entrance to the Midway or pleasure 
ground, where the visitor may find a collection of novel enter- 
tainments that will astonish the most cosmopolitan traveler. 

Directly across the Plaza from the Restaurant Building is a 
companion structure of the same dimensions, forming the 
entrance to the Stadium, or Athletic Field, where 25,000 peo- 
ple may be seated to enjoy the high-class contests in the ath- 
letic sports, in which champions from all parts of the world 
will participate. 

A terrace slightly raised above the general level, will form 
the central portion of the Plaza. This terrace will surround a 
sunken garden, in the center of which will be a band stand, 
the terrace affording a large space for listeners. 



THE FALLS OF NIAGARA. 

The importance of the great Falls, Rapids and Gorge of the 
Niagara River as auxiliaries to the many and varied attractions 
of the Pan-American Exposition cannot well be over-estimated. 
In its immense flow of waters, its grand scenery and its historic 
lore, the Niagara is one of the most renowned rivers of the 
world. Its great cataract has defied the descriptive powers of 
poets and philosophers and baffled the delineative skill of 
painters and photographers. The grandeur of their environ- 
ment renders the Falls perennially interesting at all seasons of 
the year, and very few of those who visit the Pan-American 
Exposition but will desire also to visit them. The trip from 
BuiTalo can be made in half an hour. There are many points 
of view and places of interest, and the visitor can plan his 
itinerary according to the leisure time at his disposal. If time 
will permit, the cataract should be viewed from both sides of 
the river and trips should be made the length of the Gorge, 
either along the cliffs above or over the trolley road, which runs 
close to the water's edge. Perhaps the most comprehensive 
near-view of the Falls are those obtained on the Canadian side 
of the Gorge, especially that from Falls View Station. Here 
is seen a complete panorama, embracing the rushing and tur- 
bulent currents of the upper rapids and the w^hole sweep of the 
falling waters, reaching from end to end nearly four-fifths of a 
mile, with the great Horseshoe Fall in the foreground sepa- 
rated by Goat Island from the American Fall, which is 158 feet 
high, and 1,881 feet wide. In the river below plies the little 
steamer "The Maid of the Mist," carrying visitors close to the 
foot of the Falls at various points, and affording splendid views 
of the descending waters. The State Reservation on the 
American side and the Queen Victoria Park across the river in 
24 



PAN-AMERICAN EXPOSITION 





Canada are delightful observation grounds, both open for the 
enjoyment of the public, free of any charge. To the scien- 
tific visitor the electrical power development at the Falls will 
be especially interesting. On the American side there are two 
great corporations utilizing the current of the Niagara River 
for developing electric power used in many industries at the 
Falls. The power thus generated by one of these corporations 
is also transmitted to Buffalo, twenty-five miles distant, for use 
for the electric lighting of the city, for operating a great elec- 
tric trolley-car system and in many important manufacturing 
establishments. The power thus transmitted will likewise be 
extensively used for the purpose of the Exposition. 



CLASSIFICATION OF EXHIBITS. 

The scope of the Exposition is very broad, intending to show 
to the w^orld, in a most interesting way, the progress of all the 
nations of the three Americas during a century of marvelous 
development. The exhibits will have groupings as follows : 

Electricity and Electrical Appliances. 

Fine Arts : — Painting, Sculpture and Decoration. 

Graphic Arts : — Typography, Lithography, Steel and Cop- 
per-plate Prmting, Photo-Mechanical Processes, Drawing, En- 
graving and Bookbinding. 

Liberal Arts : — Education, Engineering, Public Works, 
Constructive Architecture, Music and the Drama. 

Ethnology, Archaeology, Progress of Labor and Invention, 
Isolated and Collective Exhibits. 

Agriculture, Food and its Accessories, Agricultural Machin- 
ery and Appliances. 

Horticulture, Viticulture, Floriculture. 

Live Stock. 

25 




PAN-AMERICAN EXPOSITION 

Forestry and Forest Products. 

Fish, Fisheries, Fish Products and Apparatus for Fishing. 
Mines and Metallurgy. 
Machinery. 
Manufactures. 

Transportation Exhibits, Railways, Vessels, Vehicles. 
Exhibits from the Hawaiian Islands, Porto Rico and the 
Philippine Islands. 

To this classification will be added numerous special exhibits 
in buildings of their own, and the many State and foreign ex- 
hibits in separate buildings. About fifteen acres of space have 
been set apart for the state and foreign buildings. 

THE MIDWAY, 

In addition to the great educational features of the Pan- 
American Exposition, to its exhibits, to its grand demonstra- 
tion of the progress of the century, the visitor will be enter- 
tained and amused in a Midway of unparalleled attractions. 
The Exposition management, while placing this feature in a 
position subordinate to the primary aim of the undertaking, 
has been very careful to give the public a large list of attrac- 
tions and novelties of the highest character, both from a moral 
and an amusement standpoint. Thus, after having grasped 
the most educational and interesting features of the Exposition, 
the visitor will have a splendid opportunity to beget himself 
unto a place of amusement, song, dancing and recreation, 
where for a time he shall forget his cares, the everlasting 




26 



PAN-AMERICAN EXPOSITION 





STREETS OF MEXICO. 



Venice 

in Hmerica. 



struggle for life and brush the cobwebs from his brow. A 
detailed description of the many concessions awarded and 
those to be granted by the Exposition Company would fill 
space beyond the limit of this pamphlet. It will, however, be 
interesting to read of them in a general way. 

The title of this interesting feature explains itself, and the 
concessionaires promise to give a perfect replica of the "City 
of the Doge," the "Queen of the Adriatic," and 
mistress of the Mediterranean commerce during 
the middle ages. The visitor will encounter the 
familiar Bridge of Sighs, the old time canals with Venetian 
gondolas and gondoliers, and will be carried into the "Piazza 
San Marco," in front of that beautiful church. The sacred 
and historical pigeons of Venice, descendants of those that 
carried the news of the victory at Lepanto, will flock around 
one and confidently feed from the hand. The famous glass 
blowing furnaces of Murano will be represented with the 
native workmen, who, as if by magic, will blow wondrously 
colored glass, like silken webs, from a long tube. Every 
romantic feature of old Venice will be faithfully represented by 
the concessionaires, and after sojourning there, one may enter a 
gondola and be gently rowed among the waterways of the Expo- 
sition away from the rush and push of the "madding crowd." 
The concessionaires of this very interesting ^Midway feature 
promises to give the visiting public a truthful portrayal of both 
the romantic features of the rural Mexican condi- 
T'^ ' tions and also examples of its modern cosmopoli- 

tan progress. Immediately upon passmg the 
entrance door a sightseer will find himself in one of the typical 

27 




PAN-AMERICAN EXPOSITION 

Mexican villages facing a plaza. Around it he will see Mexi- 
can craftsmen working at cane carving, blanket making, onyx 
working, and other interesting occupations. There will also 
be a dance-hall, where a faithful reproduction will be given of 
the native fandango and other dances peculiar to Mexico. On 
one side of the Plaza will be a facsimile of one of the old his- 
torical mission cathedrals. There will also be a restaurant, 







VENICE !N AMERICA. 

where such famous Mexican dishes as "Hot Chicken Tomale, 
Tortilla, Chile Con Carne," and the popular Mexican beans 
known as "Frijoles," will be served. This cooking will be in 
full view of the visitors and will form a novelty in itself. There 
will be two bands, one of sixty pieces, being the one sent by the 
Mexican Government, and which will make its headquarters at 
the Streets of Mexico, and another of forty pieces, all Mexicans 
playing native instruments. Another interesting feature of this 
Midway show will be the Plaza de Toros, where a harmless and 
correct representation of bull fighting will be given by profes- 
sional fighters, in which the cruelty to animals will be entirely- 
eliminated, in the fashion now given in Mexico by order of the 
government. The principal aim of the owners of this conces- 
sion is to give a faithful representation of Mexican life as it is 
outside of the large cities ; and at the same time the progress of 
Mexico and its high state of civilization will be duly emphasized. 
**The Wonders and Beauties of the Orient '* will be a 
dazzling, romantic and realistic display of the undescribable 
charm of the East. It will be a bit of the 
old world transplanted into the very bosom 
of one of the greatest marts of trade on the 
Western Hemisphere. Camels and dromedaries, cable cars 



Beautiful Orient, 



PAN-AMERICAN EXPOSITION 

and electric power. Sheiks calling the faithful to prayer and 
modern chimes ! Tents and brownstone fronts. Singing girls 
and Vaudeville ! What contrasts ! 

To the busy and overworked people of this great nation this 
exhibit will be gratefully accepted. Not only will the careless 
sightseer enjoy its novelty and its comprehensiveness ; to 
the thinker and student, they that observe, will this Orient 
Pageant remind of the interesting lore which the Bible gives 
forth of the primitive days when the Wise Men came from the 
East, on their camels, to seek for the New Born King, and 
when the Saviour rode into Jerusalem, humbly seated on 
an ass. 

The most salient characteristics of many Eastern countries, 
with Oriental streets, buildings, costumes, racial peculiarities 
and bonafide natives, animals, and the necessary paraphernalia 
and accessories for an exhibition of high merit and a very 
large element of novelty will be presented. 

This will be an entirely new and different exhibition from 
the worn-out streets of Cairo, which are now seen at small 
street fairs all over the country. 

A more extensive and comprehensive representation ot 
Oriental life than has been attempted at any of the great 
expositions will be given. The entrance, building and all 
the accessories will be of a highly artistic and attractive 
character. 

One of the most spectacular features on this Midway will 

undoubtedly be "A Trip to the Moon." A swift and palatial 

air ship, the "Luna," from an immense landing 

^tb^^M n ^°^^' ^^^'^^^ ^^ ^^^^ °^ 30,000 to 35,000 square 
feet, belonging to the Aerial Navigation Com- 
pany, will begin its journey to the Moon. After grasp- 
ing the great secret of anti-gravitation and aerial flight, you 
board the ship and after the usual preliminary start you soar 
into the air. You pass over many cities, the twinkling lights 
of which are seen below after day has passed into night. Away 
you go into space and the earth appears in the form of a 
sphere. The fast and furious wind tells you that you are 
traveling at a high rate of speed. By-and-by you arrive at the 
Moon, and the ship is moored at a convenient landing. The 
Man in the Moon receives you with due ceremony, sur- 
rounded by his devoted subjects. The mystery of its visit and 
its attendant revelations cannot be mentioned in these lines, but 
are left to the experience of the traveler. 

This is a realistic representation of the experience of a de- 
parted spirit, whose conduct has not been of the best while 

among his fellow men. The idea is taken from 
Darkness and j^^^^^y^ *' Inferno," and gruesome objects and 

individuals are to be met as one enters the weird 
domain of the ** Prince of Darkness.'^ If it were not for the 

29 





PAN-AMERICAN EXPOSITION 

jocular behavior of the guides and attendants, the visitor might 
have a creepy feeling as he enters the "Cabaret de la Mort." 
Here refreshments are served with unusual accompaniments 
and surroundings. Elevators convey him to "the lowest 
depths of Darkness " and he steps out into a rockhewn cavern. 
Here he discovers an underground lake, where Charon stands 
in his boat. Peals of thunder and flashes of lightning add to 
the realistic effect. Then follow many scenes of darkness and 
the punishments meted out to scandalmongers, umbrella bor- 
rowers, inquisitive folk and other offenders who have disre- 
garded the punishment that is to be the lot of wrong-doers of 
every sort. You pass seas of fire and boiling lakes, and come 
finally to a transformation scene in the " Grotto of Dawn." 
Then follow beautiful spectacular effects and many scenes to 
delight the eye before returning again to the more familiar 
scenes above ground. 

This attraction will be the altitudinous novelty of the Expo- 
sition, and will be to the Pan-American Exposition what the 

Ferris Wheel was to the Chicago Exposition and 
Cbompson ^^^ jg.^^^ Tower to the Paris Exposition. It is the 

invention of Frederic Thompson, who is cele- 
brated as a designer of amusement features. It resembles the 
walking-beam of an engine or the ' ' teeter " of boyhood. At each 
end of this beam of structural steel is fixed a revolving wheel, 
in which four cars are hung, after the methods employed in the 
construction of the Ferris Wheel. When one wheel is down, 
taking on and discharging passengers, the other is at an altitude 
of 275 feet, revolving slowly at that dizzy height, so that the 
passengers in the cars may have a wonderful view of the Expo- 
sition and surroundings. 

H. Roltair, the celebrated illusionist, will present in his con- 
cession one of the oddest features of the Midway. It will be 

given in connection with his famous and extensive 
Bouse apside ..p^i^ce of Illusions,'^ which has undergone 

steady improvement. This is one of the features 
that is attracting so much attention at the Paris Exposition, 
and it will be brought to Buffalo in time for the season of 1901. 
The building represents a feudal castle standing on its roof and 
battlements, with its basement and cellars in the air. Every- 
thing in the castle appears to be inverted. The visitor enters 
seemingly through the roof and after going up, or down, sev- 
eral flights of stairs reaches the cellar. The cellar is a garden 
hanging bottom side up in mid-air. The various apartments 
of the castle are furnished sumptuously, but the topsy-turvy 
arrangement extends through all the rooms, and the illusion 
is thus carried out throughout the palace and furnishes an 
interesting and amusing feature. 

This concession, granted to E. V. McConnell, has been put 
into form by Walter W. Burridge, an English artist, who spent 
30 



Hawaiian Volcano 
and Cheater. 



PAN-AMERICAN EXPOSITION 

many months in Hawaii sketching the volcano of Kileaua. It 
will portray with graphic realism a volcano in full eruption. 
Within it are lakes of liquid lava, and the 
whole surface of the crater is constantly 
undergoing changes with wonderful dis- 
plays of molten lava thrown high in the air or flowing like 
rivers of fire down the, steep sides of some new upheaval. 

A good amusement feature will be a reproduction of an old- 
time southern plantation, with its roomy mansion, negro 
quarters, cotton and corn fields, and showing 
Old plantation. ,^^ occupations of southern life before the 
war. Two hundred genuine southern darkies, from the 
tiny pickaninny to gray- haired men who live in the cabins 
will be seen each day at the Exposition at their different 
occupations and pastimes. They will dance and sing in 
front of their cabin doors exactly 
as the negroes of the South used 
to do in the long ago. The 
famous Shelby cabin, the for- 
mer home of the old negro 
from whose life Mrs. Har- 




riet Beech er St owe 


sketched 


the princi- 


pal cha 


racter of 


her immortal 


-Uncle 


Tom's 


Cabin,' 


' now 


owned 


by 


the Shelby i"'' 


family, 


u 



will be 







4 1 



removed to Buffalo in sections and returned to its owners after 
the Exposition. 

Imagine yourself set down in the center of Japan, for this 

garden will be the counterpart of those delightful places, so 

dear to the Japanese heart. Girls in native cos- 

japanese tume will serve the tea and geishas will entertain 

you with dancing. The building will be of bam- 

31 




PAN-AMERICAN EXPOSITION 

boo, and everything, including the decorations, tables and other 
furniture will be genuinely Japanese. All sorts of Japanese 
products will be exhibited, and may be purchased as souvenirs 
of the visit to the garden. 

This would be an opportunity for all who would like to know 
just how a Filipino Village looks, to satisfy their curiosity. 
The material for the construction of this very 
f tliptno TUlage, interesting feature of the Midway will be 
brought from the Philippine Islands and the village will be 
made to appear like one of the original island settlements. 
From 50 to 100 Filipinos will live in their native style and 
will have about them articles and utensils such as are used 
in their every-day life. The water buffalo, who performs 
for the Filipino the service that the horse gives to the Ameri- 
can, will be among the domestic animals in the village. 
Filipino trinkets will be sold to visitors. 

This will be one of the largest concessions in area, and is 
intended to provide a home for at least 150 African negroes, 
who will be brought direct from the wilds of 
Hfrtcan TUUge. ^f^-i^a. They will bring with them all kinds of 
African products and material from which to construct houses 
exactly as they appear there. Native workmen w411 show their 
skill in the manufacture of articles from iron and silver, and 
native village huts will be surrounded by stockades, all of them 
put together exactlyas they were originally constructed in Africa. 

The animal show at the Chicago Exposition will be remem- 
bered as one of the most interesting features of the Midway. 
It will be presented in Buffalo with many addi- 
• tional attractions and upon a scale even more 
grand than seen at Chicago. For example, there are now in 
training twenty African lions, which will be shown as one group, 
working together in a single act. This is intended to be one 
of the finest collections of trained animals ever organized. 

There will be two Moving-picture concessions. One of these 
will shov/ the large pictures projected upon screens as are fre- 
quently seen at theaters, and will present a 
jMovtng pictures. ^^^^^ ^^^-^^^ ^^ subjects. The other con- 
cessions will include a large number of slot machines, for show- 
ing all kinds of small pictures upon novel and popular subjects. 

This will consist of a combination of large mirrors, about 
30 X 80 inches in size, so arranged as to present a beautiful 
effect and an endless number, of rooms and fig- 
jnirror iriazc. ^^es. A new feature of this particular conces- 
sion will be the addition of a number of life-size pictures so 
placed as to appear to be a portion of the picture gallery, 
which will be reflected so as to give new life and artistic effects. 

The quaint old German town of Nuremburg has been the 
subject of many an essay and descriptive article, and never fails 
to interest the tourist who visits it. In the Midway of the Pan- 
32 



PAN-AMERICAN EXPOSITION 

American Exposition a street of this old town will be reproduced 

with strict fidelity to the original. Within the 

^, buildings facing upon the street will be constructed 

shops, restaurants and other places of business in 

exactly the same manner as mav be found in the old t.A\n. 





DARKNESS AND DAWN. 



The development of gold mining in California began in the 

year 1849. Countless mining camps sprang into existence 

which have left their impress upon the his- 

H9 jMimng Camp. ^^^.^ ^^ ^^^ g^^^^^ j^^ ^^^^^ reproduction 

of one of those camps, with a theater, concert house, hotel 
and other features, will be one of the concessions of the Mid- 
way. It will present numerous and characteristic represen- 
tations of the life of those early days. 

For this concession a large building will be constructed, in 
vv^hich will be a graphic illustration of the storm leading up to 
the breaking of the banks of the artificial lake in 
lobnstown ^^^ Conemaugh River and the awful flood which 
overwhelmed the little city of Johnstown, Pa. , in 
1889. The representation will be so graphic that the spectator 
need make no effort to imagine that he is looking down upon 
an actual storm. The mechanism by which all this is produced 
is much of it entirely new, and the effects are so striking as to 
render the whole an extremely clear and strong representation. 

The transplanting of the ostrich from the deserts of Africa 
to American soil and the breeding of these great birds as a 
commercial undertaking was a stroke of enter- 
Ostncb farm. ^^..^^ worthy of modern genius. The Ostrich 
Farm in the Midway will consist of an enclosure of 2 or 3 
acres, in which will be shown 75 to 100 ostriches, the greater 

33 




PAN-AMERICAN EXPOSITION 




florida 
€vcrgladcs. 



SOUTHEAST CORNER OF ELECTRICITY BUILDING. 

portion of them full grown, but with many chicks and medium- 
size birds. The nests of the birds in their various raw, unfinished 
conditions, will be shown, and the process of raising the birds, 
producing, curing and marketing the feathers will be illustrated. 
Sufficient space has been set apart in which to show a veri- 
table and life-like reproduction of the everglades of Florida. 
The luxuriant vegetation, the alligators and other 
animals which make the water their home, and 
all the surroundings necessary to reproduce the 
effect of the natural everglades of Florida, will be arranged in 
the ample space allotted. 

Those who have recently visited Coney Island will recall the 
fascinating amusement consisting of a ride on a wooden horse, 
which rolls on wheels along the track, the propel- 
ling force being gravity. The track follows up 
and down hill and around curves in such a way as 
to produce the most pleasing, as well as rather startling, sensa- 
tion. The visitor to the Midway will have the opportunity to 
enjoy this novel amusement. 

Am.ong the concessions to the Midway is the 
scenic raihvay, upon which the visitor may 
ride and enjoy a wonderful variety of landscape* views. 

This is a complete railwav line, with min- 
IMintature Railway. .^^^^^ locomotive, cars 'and everything 
that belongs to a steam railroad built upon a diminutive scale. 
This is one of the most picturesque dances given 
i-irc ance* ^p^j^ ^^le stage, and in its production famous 
dancers have won their way to greater favor. 
34 



'Che Steeple 
Chase. 



8ceTitc Railway. 



PAN-AMERICAN EXPOSITION 

Dr. S. Schenkein will present a most interesting educational 

feature in the form of a series of Infant Incubators, where 

weakly newly-born infants will have the 

Xtifant Incubator, ^^^^^ ^^ j.^^ sustained by means of a most 

scientific and modern method. This feature will appeal par- 
ticularly to the gentler sex. 



ACTUAL PROGRESS OF THE EXPOSITION. 

After all the preliminary arrangements had been made for 
this Exposition, the financial details successfully arranged and 
the site selected, it devolved upon the management of the Expo- 
sition to immediately place the chosen spo4: in a condition to allow 
the erection of the buildings to be completed without delay. 

In the early spring of the present year the ground upon 
which the imposing edifices of the Exposition were to be erected 
was duly surveyed and afterwards conveniently graded. Thou- 
sands of men and huge machines dug into the soft and loamy 
soil, by day and night, and the beds of the lakes and canals 
which surround the buildings were also excavated. The land- 
scape architects and gardeners began their preliminary work, so 
essential to successful results in their line of endeavor ; the dark 
soil on the surface was dug and placed aside to be used later to 
fertilize the grass and flower beds. The plots were all laid out 
in artistic fashion, and, later, grasses were sown of various quali- 
ties, and thousands of trees were transplanted to the avenues of 
the Exposition. Many of these are large, to harmonize with the 
surroundings, others, smaller, will line the numerous walks and 
the winding paths in the beautiful gardens on the grounds. 

To-day we find the progress of the Exposition has been 
marvelous. As fast as opportunity permitted it the pilings 
for the foundations of the various buildings were driven, upon 
which the transverse boards and flooring wxre laid. The 
Machinery and Transportation Building, which is one of the 
largest on the grounds, the Electricity Building, the Agricul- 
ture Building, and the Graphic Arts Building show the lateral 
walls well up and the superstructure ready for the roof trusses 
and for the staff covering, some of it being already placed in 
the ornamental archways. The Manufactures and Liberal 
Arts Building, the Horticultural Building and other minor 
buildings have the ground floor ready for the placing of the 
walls. The foundations are being dug and the pilings driven 
for the United States Government Building, while the large 
restaurant buildings placed, respectively, at the entrance of 
the Midway and the Stadium will be shortly completed. The 
Albright Art Gallery, in the park proper, is progressing very 
favorably, the foundations dug and several feet of masonry 
above the level of the ground have been constructed. 

35 





PAN-AMERICAN EXPOSITION 

In the Midway some of the concessionaires have their build- 
ings nearly completed and others are preparing the founda- 
tions or grading their space in a convenient manner. Owners 
of the concession ** Venice in America" are digging their 
special canals, which connect with the canal of circumvallation. 

The Power House, situated at the northeast corner of the 
grounds, has long been completed, and will be one of the 
most interesting features of the Exposition for those of a 
mechanical turn of mind, as the power from Niagara Falls 
will be here distributed according to the various needs of the 
Exposition, both for the lighting and usage of power. The 
fire house w^as erected in the early spring, and another one is in 
process of construction on the opposite corner of the grounds. 

The ground for the Foreign and State Buildings has been 
prepared and it is expected that before long the Latin-Ameri- 
can countries and the various States of the Union will proceed 
to erect their respective edifices. The management of the 
Exposition feels entirely confident of its ability to open the 
Exposition on May 1st, with every building completed and 
every exhibit placed in order ; and they base their opinion 
upon the actual progress of the Exposition which is compara- 
tively, far ahead of that of any Exposition held in recent years. 

The intellectual feast which is being prepared in the City of 
Buffalo should appeal to every person of high ideals, and the 
projectors of the Pan-American Exposition propose to encom- 
pass within the 350 acres of the Exposition grounds ocular 
evidence of the great strides made by the inhabitants of Pan- 
America during the last hundred years, and they feel assured 
that the intelligent appreciation of the people of those countries 
will contribute to make this great gathering a brilliant success. 

Buffalo, August 20, 1900. 

LOOKING NORTHWEST FROM THE FORE COURT, AUGUST 1, 1900. 



^INI 



I 



I'. 



ri,#tefe^ 



t 





INDEX* 

INTRODLXTORY, J5^P'''^*^°?'^^.^*H'5^^'*P^' ^ 

' ( The Pan-American Idea, 3 

History — Indorsement and General Acceptance, 8 

The Site and General Plan of the Exposition, 10 

Description of Buildings, 12 

Falls of Niagara, 24 

Classification of Exhibits, 25 

The Midway, 26 

Actual Progress of the Exposition, 35 



LIBRftRV OF CONGRESS 



019 930 265 6 • 




